Overcharged AC: Symptoms, Risks, and How to Fix It

Refrigerant overcharge occurs when an air conditioning or heat pump system contains too much refrigerant, exceeding the manufacturer’s specified charge level. The refrigeration cycle relies on the principles of thermodynamics to transfer heat from one area to another. This closed-loop system utilizes the repeated phase changes of a refrigerant between a liquid and a gas to absorb and release heat.

The cycle consists of four main components. These are the compressor, condenser, expansion/metering device, and the evaporator. Maintaining the precise amount of refrigerant, known as the refrigerant charge, is critical for efficient and reliable HVAC system operation. Avoiding overcharged refrigerant is one reason why adding or removing refrigerant from an HVAC system should always be handled by qualified and licensed professionals.

Maintaining the correct refrigerant levels in your air conditioning system is crucial as it impacts efficiency, longevity, energy consumption, and your comfort. You receive optimal cooling as the refrigerant absorbs your home’s heat and releases it outside. If the levels are too low, the system can overheat as it works overtime to absorb that heat. Low levels can also lead to high indoor humidity due to reduced moisture removal. The compressor is the heart of your AC system, responsible for circulating the refrigerant, which carries oil throughout the system and provides lubrication. Low refrigerant levels force the compressor to work harder, increasing wear and tear and potentially leading to overheating and failure. When your AC system is undercharged or overcharged, it becomes less efficient and has to work harder to reach the desired temperature. This leads to increased energy consumption and higher utility bills. Proper refrigerant levels ensure your AC cools your home evenly and consistently, eliminating hot and cold spots.

Low refrigerant charge in an air conditioning system means there is less refrigerant than the system is designed to hold, often due to leaks. This can lead to reduced cooling performance, ice buildup on the evaporator coil, and potential damage to the compressor. You may also notice additional signs such as short-cycling, hissing or bubbling sounds, higher energy bills, or condensation/puddles around the unit. It’s crucial to address low refrigerant levels promptly to maintain system efficiency and prevent further issues.

Refrigerant leaks (greasy residue)

The high internal pressure can put stress on hoses, seals, and other components, increasing the likelihood of refrigerant leaks. These leaks might manifest as a greasy film or oily residue around the AC unit or its components. If a refrigerant leak is suspected, it is crucial to contact an HVAC repair technician immediately, as refrigerants can be hazardous.

Reduced cooling performance

An overcharged AC system hinders the proper conversion of refrigerant between liquid and gaseous states, impacting its ability to absorb heat and effectively cool your space.

Thermostat or sensor malfunctions

A defective thermostat or temperature sensor might inaccurately read the room temperature, contributing to the AC unit running constantly or cycling on and off randomly.

Higher head pressure and compressor strain

Too much refrigerant in AC increases the pressure within the system, forcing the compressor to work harder to circulate it.

Short cycling and eventual shutdown

The increased strain and heat generated by an overcharged system can trigger safety mechanisms, causing the AC unit to cycle on and off more frequently than it should (short cycling). In severe cases, it can even lead to a complete system shutdown to prevent further damage.

• Frost: An overcharged system can cause the evaporator coils to freeze because the refrigerant isn’t evaporating correctly or is too cold. This leads to reduced airflow and poor cooling.
• Hot air from the vents: The excess refrigerant hinders the system’s ability to absorb heat and cool the air effectively.
• Squealing: Loud squealing or gurgling sounds coming from the compressor can be a sign that liquid refrigerant is entering the compressor, which is designed to handle only gas. This condition, known as “slugging,” can severely damage the compressor.
• Uneven pressure: If the system has the AC overcharged, it will often exhibit fluctuating or unusually high pressure levels within the refrigerant lines.
• High energy usage: You may see higher utility bills as the system overworks to cool down
  Complete shutdown: A sudden system shutdown is a safety precaution to avoid further damage.

Several issues can cause a system to seem overcharged, even if it may not be:

• Non-condensable in the system: If air or other non-condensable gases are present due to improper installation, it can create pressure readings that mimic an overcharged system.
• Improper charging by an inexperienced technician: Without carefully monitoring subcooling and superheat, a technician can easily overcharge the system.
• Mixing refrigerants: Using the wrong type of refrigerant or mixing different types during servicing can lead to abnormal system behavior and pressure readings.
• Refrigerant restrictions: A blockage or restriction in the refrigerant lines (such as a clogged metering device) can cause high pressure in the outdoor coil, mimicking the symptoms of overcharging.
• Faulty outdoor fan: If the outdoor fan isn’t running or is operating poorly, heat won’t be released properly, causing the system pressure to rise and appear overcharged.

Here are some helpful steps that you can take if you suspect that your AC may be overcharged:

• Turn off the power supply immediately
• Take note of any symptoms mentioned above that you have seen
• Call a technician

It’s important to note that addressing an overcharged AC unit requires professional expertise, as handling refrigerants can be hazardous and requires specialized equipment and training. It’s crucial to consult a qualified HVAC technician to diagnose and rectify the problem, ensuring safe and efficient AC operation.

Schedule routine maintenance to avoid future problems (do you need an AC tune up in Sacramento? Give us a call!)

I hope that this blog has given you confidence in addressing incorrect refrigerant levels, including what happens if you overcharge your AC. Don’t ignore the warning signs, ensure that you are scheduling routine maintenance with an HVAC technician who will check and correct the levels as necessary. In the greater Sacramento area, we at Alpha Mechanical have a team of highly-skilled and professional technicians ready to come out and help you fix any problems the HVAC may have.

Our team members have served the community with our expert knowledge from well over 20 years of experience in air conditioner repair in Sacramento. Our 5-star ratings will tell you that we treat our satisfied customers with the best care! Don’t hesitate to give us a call if you notice any issues in your AC system.